S\u1ef1 che ch\u1edf c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng (enormity) c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean tr\u00ed m\u1ea1ng \u1edf ngo\u00e0i v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, ho\u1eb7c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 cho th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n mang, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea5n an h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i t\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Eskimo, nh\u1eefng th\u1ee3 s\u0103n c\u1ee7a l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c Amazon, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 Ch\u00e2u \u00dac Aborigine, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean t\u1ea1i New York – t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t cho m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd “\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ed3i l\u00ean xe l\u1eeda cao t\u1ed1c” \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00ec th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 b\u1edfi n\u00f3 n\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c an to\u00e0n trong s\u1ef1 che ch\u1edf c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 th\u00e2n t\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean nguy hi\u1ec3m. M\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9, v\u00e0o th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 tan v\u1ee1 m\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u1edbn khi ch\u00fang th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec5n ra khi m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch may m\u1eafn v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u00f3 v\u1ebb r\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i e s\u1ee3 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i nguy hi\u1ec3m n\u00e0o n\u1eefa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi La M\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y sau v\u00e0i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb v\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m l\u0103ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, v\u00e0 th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n Aztec tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ban Nha xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ef1 ng\u1ea1o m\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 v\u0103n minh, hay s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0o th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u00fd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 theo nh\u01b0 l\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c an to\u00e0n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0y s\u1edbm hay mu\u1ed9n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh d\u1eef d\u1ed9i. Khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tin v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn x\u1ea3y ra, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u00ec d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i s\u1ef1 can \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m khi \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh. Khi h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n tin t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u00e1 ra kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang, h\u1ecd t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 trao cho, h\u1ecd l\u00fang t\u00fang trong m\u1ed9t m\u1edb b\u00f2ng bong c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 lo l\u1eafng v\u00e0 th\u1edd \u01a1. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1eefng\u00a0d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u v\u1ee1 m\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y xung quanh ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec7n nay. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u01a1 ph\u1edd \u0111ang tr\u00e0n lan v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u00a0Nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 r\u1ea5t \u00edt v\u00e0 th\u01b0a th\u1edbt. C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang l\u00e0m, bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng, bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u00e2n h\u1eadn v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt? N\u1ebfu Diogenes[1]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0v\u1edbi ng\u1ecdn n\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf 23 th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, th\u00ec ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00f4ng ta c\u00f2n v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u1ef1 tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e2u th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, l\u00ean n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o lan r\u1ed9ng, hay s\u1ef1 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng ngo\u1ea1i lai. G\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n l\u00e0 n\u1eb1m \u1edf b\u00ean trong, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n g\u1ee1 t\u1ed1i ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 – nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 do t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m cho th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7u q\u1ee7a khi m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n (the harsh winds of chaos).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu \u0111i tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u1edf b\u00ean trong bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 quan, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i lo l\u1eafng b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 (ontological anxiety) hay n\u1ed7i khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3 hi\u1ec7n sinh (existential dread). N\u00f3i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i khi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a. Trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, n\u1ed7i \u00e1m \u1ea3nh v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn tranh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p th\u00eam m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i \u0111e do\u1ea1 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng hi v\u1ecdng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 g\u00ec trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1m nh\u1ecf b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qu\u00ean tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t trong h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng. V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t n\u0103m tr\u00f4i qua, s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00ean trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i qua cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111i qua s\u1ef1 ph\u1edfn ph\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea7y hi v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7y ch\u00edn ch\u1eafn, s\u1edbm hay mu\u1ed9n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi 1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng dai d\u1eb3ng: “\u0110\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u01b0a?” Tu\u1ed5i th\u01a1 th\u00ec \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, th\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7y hoang mang, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, sau t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u k\u00ec v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng sau khi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n. Trong su\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u “l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn”, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n, ni\u1ec1m hi v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn ra nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi h\u1eb5ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n tr\u00ean g\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00f2ng t\u1eafm s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c b\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2n n\u1eb7ng th\u1eeba s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u k\u00e8m \u0111i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n \u0111au b\u00ed \u1ea9n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ea1y quanh c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Nh\u01b0 khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 b\u00e0n trong nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0i tr\u00ed b\u00e0n \u0103n cho b\u1eefa s\u00e1ng trong khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u0103n b\u1eefa t\u1ed1i, nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a “vi\u1ec7c r\u1ed3i ai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft” (mortality) ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafn: Th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ph\u1ea3i \u0111i r\u1ed3i. Khi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 di\u1ec5n ra, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng. “Ch\u1edd th\u00eam 1 ph\u00fat, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u00f4i c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 m\u00e0. S\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n k\u1ebfch x\u00f9 m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng ra t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2u? Nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian vui v\u1ebb m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng ra t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2u?”<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb d\u1eabn d\u1eaft, b\u1ecb l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 n\u00e0y. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y c\u00f2n b\u00e9, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec3 tin r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu s\u1ebd t\u1edbi. X\u00e9t cho c\u00f9ng, ch\u00fang ta d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta th\u1eadt may m\u1eafn khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, trong m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u khi hi v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ra s\u1ebd gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u00fd ngh\u0129a h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c trong nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. V\u00e0 \u00f4ng b\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ban s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 l\u00fd, s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y th\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng khi th\u1ea5y con ch\u00e1u \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac bi\u1ebft m\u1ea5y! <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o t\u1eeb b\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh ch\u1ee9ng b\u1edfi h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o tr\u00ean truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh ca ng\u1ee3i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb9p. D\u1eabu v\u1eady, m\u1eb7c k\u1ec7 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 cam \u0111oan, kh\u00f4ng s\u1edbm th\u00ec mu\u1ed9n ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng s\u1ebd th\u1ee9c d\u1eady m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng, khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng phu n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho ch\u00fang ta H\u1ea0NH PH\u00daC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0 khi s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0103n s\u00e2u, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec b\u1ecf qua, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00f3 1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac: nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 xe to h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng xa hoa h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, gi\u1eef v\u1eefng quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00f4i khi c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 v\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd b\u1ecb k\u00e9o s\u00e2u v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u00ec gi\u1edd m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ec1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 v\u1ee1 m\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn: sau m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ee9 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam ch\u00fat n\u00e0o v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00ec quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng mang t\u00ednh \u0111e do\u1ea1. N\u1ebfu c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 sinh ra nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3i chu\u00f4ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0103n ki\u00eang, gia nh\u1eadp nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb, t\u1eadp aerobics, mua c\u00e1 ng\u1eeb Nautilus, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9. N\u1ebfu v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai quan t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecd, th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd mua s\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c hay c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft giao b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd c\u00e1c kho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1eefa tr\u01b0a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c (Power lunch). Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u1eb3ng ra \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 b\u1ecf ra bao nhi\u00eau n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh tr\u1ecdn cho vi\u1ec7c quan t\u00e2m r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng s\u1ebd c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd tr\u1edf n\u00ean xa c\u00e1ch v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian cho vi\u1ec7c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi, th\u00ec m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u con \u0111\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb v\u1ee1, v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 \u00edt th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ecb khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 \u00edch khi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng theo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ecdi nhu c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng, v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb b\u1ecf v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u trong s\u1ef1 l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean. Theo l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a Candide[2]<\/sup><\/a> th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd t\u1eeb b\u1ecf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eefng khu v\u01b0\u1eddn nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111ua \u0111\u00f2i theo nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea7y th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t huy m\u1ed9t s\u1edf th\u00edch v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i hay t\u00edch l\u0169y m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp tranh tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ee9 nh\u1ecf xinh. Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm trong r\u01b0\u1ee3u ho\u1eb7c c\u00f5i m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a ma t\u00fay. Trong khi nh\u1eefng th\u00fa vui k\u1ef3 th\u00fa v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m tr\u00ed qu\u00ean \u0111i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi “C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng?” th\u00ec v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi theo c\u00e1ch \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng qua t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee1 m\u1ed9ng quay v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi n\u00f3, theo m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, nh\u1eefng n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. T\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0 sai trong s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady cho \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m c\u1ee7a k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y, C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o lan r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1t sinh \u1edf Trung \u0110\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 chinh ph\u1ee5c ch\u00e2u \u00c1. Trong h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m, nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ea7n tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n \u0111\u1ec3 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e0nh c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi theo \u0111u\u1ed5i. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3: nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3i huy\u1ec1n, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u t\u1eeb th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh – \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i nghe theo trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u1edbic\u1ea7n cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 an \u1ee7i trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn ng\u1ea7m, b\u1ecf qua ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m tr\u00ed b\u00ecnh an. <\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u1eefa l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ho\u00e0ng kim c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t nguy nga tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh l\u1ea1 k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ebfn kinh ng\u1ea1c. L\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c l\u1eadu \u0111ang l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd b\u1ecb cai tr\u1ecb b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ecf g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng t\u00ean t\u1eebng l\u00e0 tr\u00f9m ma t\u00fay, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u00e0 sinh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. V\u00e0 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch r\u0169 b\u1ecf xi\u1ec1ng x\u00edch c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u201c\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3\u201d, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3 ra nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i virus h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t cho nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y \u0111ang \u0111\u00e1ng lo ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n v\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o nghe th\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3u t\u1ef1 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh (the ostrich’s stradegy) h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3; t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n h\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00ean t\u00e2m: v\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i m\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi – h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft l\u00e0 nh\u1edd t\u0103ng 5 l\u1ea7n vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n \u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ai y\u00ean t\u00e2m. N\u0103m 1984, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n 34 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadp h\u00e0ng n\u0103m t\u1eeb 10.609 \u0111\u00f4 la tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng cho m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi), m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 \u00edt thay \u0111\u1ed5i qua c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u00e3m hi\u1ebfp, c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a, h\u00e0nh hung \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng h\u01a1n 300% t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1960 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1986. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u0103m 1978, 1.085.500 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1986, con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 1.488.140. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng 1.000 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m so v\u1edbi \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Canada, Na Uy ho\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p. C\u0169ng trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ly h\u00f4n t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng 400%, t\u1eeb 31 v\u1ee5 tr\u00ean 1.000 c\u1eb7p k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1950, t\u0103ng l\u00ean 121 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1984. Trong 25 n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng h\u01a1n g\u1ea5p ba l\u1ea7n; n\u0103m 1960 c\u00f3 259.000 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh l\u1eadu, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1984 l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n 900.000. Ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 bi th\u1ea3m m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 cho tai h\u1ecda m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t – \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch AIDS tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p ba g\u1ea5p b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i so v\u1edbi th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u0103m 1955 c\u00f3 1.700.000 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p can thi\u1ec7p l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc; \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1975, con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 6.400.000. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y minh h\u1ecda cho s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng ch\u1ee9ng hoang t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia: trong 1 th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 t\u1eeb 1975 \u0111\u1ebfn 1985, ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p cho B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 87,9 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed9t n\u0103m l\u00ean 284,7 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la – h\u01a1n g\u1ea5p ba l\u1ea7n. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u0169ng t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p ba l\u1ea7n trong c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3, nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1985, con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u201cch\u1ec9\u201d l\u00e0 17,4 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la. \u00cdt nh\u1ea5t th\u00ec v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, thanh ki\u1ebfm v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n c\u00e2y b\u00fat kho\u1ea3ng m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 quan h\u01a1n. Ng\u00e0y nay, thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 suy nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n \u1edf d\u1ea1ng nguy hi\u1ec3m h\u01a1n. Ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u00edt tr\u1ebb em l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 cha v\u00e0 m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c nu\u00f4i d\u1ea1y con c\u00e1i. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1960, c\u1ee9 10 thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 cha ho\u1eb7c m\u1eb9. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1980, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1990 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e0 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p ba l\u1ea7n. N\u0103m 1982, c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 80.000 tr\u1ebb v\u1ecb th\u00e0nh ni\u00ean v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 15 tu\u1ed5i, b\u1ecb t\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 kh\u00e1c nhau. Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ma t\u00fay, b\u1ec7nh t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, b\u1ecf nh\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0 mang thai ngo\u00e0i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng lo ng\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1950 \u0111\u1ebfn 1980, s\u1ed1 v\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 t\u1eed \u1edf thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng 300%, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng thanh ni\u00ean da tr\u1eafng thu\u1ed9c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 h\u01a1n. Trong s\u1ed1 29.253 v\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1985, 1.339 l\u00e0 nam sinh da tr\u1eafng trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i 15\u201319; S\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb em g\u00e1i da tr\u1eafng c\u00f9ng tu\u1ed5i t\u1ef1 s\u00e1t \u00edt h\u01a1n b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb em trai da \u0111en \u00edt h\u01a1n 10 l\u1ea7n (tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ed1 thanh ni\u00ean da \u0111en l\u1ea1i b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft do t\u1ed9i gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi). Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111ang gi\u1ea3m \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111i\u1ec3m to\u00e1n trung b\u00ecnh trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra SAT l\u00e0 466 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1967; n\u0103m 1984 l\u00e0 426. \u0110i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n n\u00f3i c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. V\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u00e1ng bu\u1ed3n c\u1ee9 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ea1i sao, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 t\u00edch ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ai d\u00e1m m\u01a1 t\u1edbi, ch\u00fang ta d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n khi \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u00f3 v\u1ebb k\u00e9m may m\u1eafn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ebb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: trong khi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn l\u1ea7n, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ti\u1ebfn xa l\u1eafm \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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